Impact Back Home
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The war was very romanticized in society. War seemed like a great and proud event to take part in. When the Gallipoli Campaign commenced, it became a horrific and unexpected turn for New Zealand. The Battle of Gallipoli impacted the whole of New Zealand greatly since this was the first greatest conflict that has occurred in New Zealand history. The number of New Zealand casualties was overwhelming and shocked the country. 2,721 soldiers had died and 1,852 were wounded in ANZAC cove. Over 1669 New Zealand soldiers had unknown graves. The amount of soldiers killed affected New Zealand society very badly.
The placard on the cross reads: "To the memory of the brave lads who fell at Gallipoli, 1915." The bag held by the character on the right is captioned: "Interest on war loans".
"World War I had an enormous impact on New Zealand society, with half of the country's age-eligible men sent to war and thousands killed. Every town in New Zealand had evidence of the impact, in war memorials built at great cost to each community." - Ken Hyde, AUT senior research lecturer.
The placard on the cross reads: "To the memory of the brave lads who fell at Gallipoli, 1915." The bag held by the character on the right is captioned: "Interest on war loans".
"World War I had an enormous impact on New Zealand society, with half of the country's age-eligible men sent to war and thousands killed. Every town in New Zealand had evidence of the impact, in war memorials built at great cost to each community." - Ken Hyde, AUT senior research lecturer.
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As men were deported to war, there became a shortage of men in the country and workforce. Women were expected to take up previously owned responsibilities of men; such as working in factories. The Women back home also were supportive of the war and helped with the enlistings, volunteered as nurses and home defences. This shows that the effect of war not only impacted the lives of soldiers but also lives back home; especially women. This became a significant change in New Zealand society.
Civilians also had to make sacrifices for the war such has facing shortage of food and daily necessities so that armies could be supplied for war. A cartoon from the time. http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/homefront/homefront.html
"Most New Zealanders responded to the war with great enthusiasm. But as it dragged on, newspaper editorials called for greater sacrifices. By 1917 war-weariness had set in. Things were at a stalemate. Casualty lists and food prices continued to rise. In July 1917 some called for New Zealand’s military commitment to be reduced." - (http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-world-war-overview/defending-our-shores)
Civilians also had to make sacrifices for the war such has facing shortage of food and daily necessities so that armies could be supplied for war. A cartoon from the time. http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/ww1/homefront/homefront.html
"Most New Zealanders responded to the war with great enthusiasm. But as it dragged on, newspaper editorials called for greater sacrifices. By 1917 war-weariness had set in. Things were at a stalemate. Casualty lists and food prices continued to rise. In July 1917 some called for New Zealand’s military commitment to be reduced." - (http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-world-war-overview/defending-our-shores)
In Flanders fields the poppies blow
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
John McCrae May 1915
Between the crosses, row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky
The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
John McCrae May 1915
The Soldiers Who did not Return Home.
Many soldiers did not return home once Gallipoli ended. As their bodies remain undiscovered and left out in the battlefield to rot, families from home anticipate to receive the telegraph which updates their son's and husband's position in battle. Families have been extremely affected in this campaign. Losing loved ones, sons, husbands, uncles and other family members was a traumatizing and horrifying experience for them. The news of family members that were missing in action, wounded or killed were sent through telegraph and delivered to the family house and often gets around the neighbourhood through newspaper casualty listings.
This excerpt from this letter written in August 1915 by Mary McKinna to her sister Jeannie -who just lost her son- shows how not only family members of fallen soldiers are effected by the Gallipoli Campaign, but also friends, neighbours and the entire community.
This also shows how society is influenced from the battle. Loss and sacrifice in war is seem as a positive factor. Although tragic, society is influenced to believe that giving your life in battle is an honour and good sacrifice to their motherland.
"I do feel for you just now. Poor Peter, It does seem so hard to be cut off so suddenly while so young with such a bright future before him. There are many in New Zealand who have lost their sons. It is hard to think of them being buried away in a foreign country with no proper grave or anything we would like to do for them at the end. We ever see, to feeling reality of it until it enters our own relations, but there must be many hundreds of people who are mourning their loved ones tonight. May god help them.
It does seem terrible taking all the best of the young men out of the country. They are wanting such numbers more. The call of duty bids them to go with ready arms against the foe. It does not lessen the pain any to know that. That as he fell upon the filled 'twould be with honour shield. An blazoned on the scroll of fame will be your absent loved one's name." Letters from Gallipoli edited by Glyn Harper
This excerpt from this letter written in August 1915 by Mary McKinna to her sister Jeannie -who just lost her son- shows how not only family members of fallen soldiers are effected by the Gallipoli Campaign, but also friends, neighbours and the entire community.
This also shows how society is influenced from the battle. Loss and sacrifice in war is seem as a positive factor. Although tragic, society is influenced to believe that giving your life in battle is an honour and good sacrifice to their motherland.
"I do feel for you just now. Poor Peter, It does seem so hard to be cut off so suddenly while so young with such a bright future before him. There are many in New Zealand who have lost their sons. It is hard to think of them being buried away in a foreign country with no proper grave or anything we would like to do for them at the end. We ever see, to feeling reality of it until it enters our own relations, but there must be many hundreds of people who are mourning their loved ones tonight. May god help them.
It does seem terrible taking all the best of the young men out of the country. They are wanting such numbers more. The call of duty bids them to go with ready arms against the foe. It does not lessen the pain any to know that. That as he fell upon the filled 'twould be with honour shield. An blazoned on the scroll of fame will be your absent loved one's name." Letters from Gallipoli edited by Glyn Harper
Changing the Perspectives of War Back at Home
War was very romanticized in society and seemed like a great and proud event to participate in. The entire country was very enthusiastic and supportive of the war. This caused women and other citizens in society to abuse and reject men who did not enlist. There was a lot of pressure on men to enlist in the war. If men did not enlist, they would've appeared weak and been a disgrace to the country.
Propaganda posters were distributed all over the country to encourage men to enlist and gain more support from society. With the use of extremely persuasive advertising skills and psychological manipulation (guilt tripping), it forced men to question why they have not already enlisted in war and other people to question why the men were not willing to fight for the success of their country.
The propaganda posters fueled the nation's support in the war and helped raised money in order to pay for the war costs. The affect of these posters during war impacted society greatly as it demoralized soldiers that were fighting in war and manipulated society's view in war to be a great sacrifice causing a blind eye to the gruesome reality of war. Soldiers would be promised
Propaganda posters were distributed all over the country to encourage men to enlist and gain more support from society. With the use of extremely persuasive advertising skills and psychological manipulation (guilt tripping), it forced men to question why they have not already enlisted in war and other people to question why the men were not willing to fight for the success of their country.
The propaganda posters fueled the nation's support in the war and helped raised money in order to pay for the war costs. The affect of these posters during war impacted society greatly as it demoralized soldiers that were fighting in war and manipulated society's view in war to be a great sacrifice causing a blind eye to the gruesome reality of war. Soldiers would be promised
Anzac Day and Dawn Service
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As years go by, families and young people felt encouraged to take part in dawn services therefore there have been outstanding turn outs at dawn services throughout the years.
ANZAC Day became an annual public holiday in Australia and New Zealand. As returned soldiers became more interested in commemorating their war experiences in public, the number of marchers also grew as they became interested in participating.
Some re-occurring themes that appeared in ANZAC Day speeches were nationhood, national and imperial loyalty, sacrifice and peace.
Some families would join the pilgrimage to Gallipoli for Anzac Day in respect of the ANZAC Soldiers at Gallipolli. For New Zealand, the purpose of the pilgrimage was to remember the dead where as Australians view their purpose of the pilgrimage to be about national identity and patriotism.
"From as early as 1917, New Zealanders were participating in dawn services commemorating the landing of the ANZAC forces in Gallipoli. Anzac Day quickly became ‘the most solemn and most widely attended day of commemoration in New Zealand. It appears that one of the impacts of the First World War and in particular the Gallipoli campaign on New Zealand society was to create a spirit of respect and remembrance for the war dead, born out of the intense emotional trauma which large numbers of New Zealanders went through." Veterans Affairs
’ In almost every town and city in 4 New Zealand there stand war memorials, built in the aftermath of the war. ‘The ritual of Anzac filled a psychological need … and helped New Zealanders to cope with their losses, by making them feel part of a nation united in its determination to keep faith with the dead.’ - Maureen Sharpe, historian.
ANZAC Day became an annual public holiday in Australia and New Zealand. As returned soldiers became more interested in commemorating their war experiences in public, the number of marchers also grew as they became interested in participating.
Some re-occurring themes that appeared in ANZAC Day speeches were nationhood, national and imperial loyalty, sacrifice and peace.
Some families would join the pilgrimage to Gallipoli for Anzac Day in respect of the ANZAC Soldiers at Gallipolli. For New Zealand, the purpose of the pilgrimage was to remember the dead where as Australians view their purpose of the pilgrimage to be about national identity and patriotism.
"From as early as 1917, New Zealanders were participating in dawn services commemorating the landing of the ANZAC forces in Gallipoli. Anzac Day quickly became ‘the most solemn and most widely attended day of commemoration in New Zealand. It appears that one of the impacts of the First World War and in particular the Gallipoli campaign on New Zealand society was to create a spirit of respect and remembrance for the war dead, born out of the intense emotional trauma which large numbers of New Zealanders went through." Veterans Affairs
’ In almost every town and city in 4 New Zealand there stand war memorials, built in the aftermath of the war. ‘The ritual of Anzac filled a psychological need … and helped New Zealanders to cope with their losses, by making them feel part of a nation united in its determination to keep faith with the dead.’ - Maureen Sharpe, historian.
England
Women from England were heartfelt with the bravery, courage and loyalty New Zealand soldiers showed during the Gallipoli Campaign.
The impact from Gallipoli not only was greatly affecting New Zealand, but also society from other countries. England was one of the affected. The people of England felt touched and grateful for the services New Zealand contributed to build their empire therefore gifting New Zealand a shield of honour as a token of their gratitude. |
This poem was given in the first anniversary of ANZAC Day in 1916. Through the poem, it expresses impact of the Gallipoli campaign on New Zealand society.
Many citizens of New Zealand were heartfelt with the service New Zealand soldiers did for their country. Many poems and hymns were written in honour of the fallen and to those who made it back home. This shows a sense of gratitude and respect the citizens feel towards New Zealand soldiers and their sacrifice. |